Hypothenar hammer syndrome
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Synopsis
Causes / typical injury mechanism: Hypothenar hammer syndrome is usually the result of chronic, repetitive microtrauma to the ulnar artery near the hypothenar eminence. This microtrauma can result in injury to the artery that can further lead to thrombosis or aneurysm of the artery.Classic history and presentation:
- The classic patient is a middle-aged man with a job that involves repetitive hand motions / heavy use of the hands
- Pain along the hypothenar eminence
- Pain in the small, ring, and/or middle fingers
- Sensitivity to cold
- With or without ischemia, ulcers, or gangrene in ulnar digits
- Age – usually seen in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 years.
- Sex / gender – There is a high prevalence in men compared to women.
- Occupations with frequent use of the hands as a hammer, such as carpenter and mechanic.
- Recreational activities, such as sports.
Codes
ICD10CM:I73.89 – Other specified peripheral vascular diseases
SNOMEDCT:
444744001 – Hypothenar hammer syndrome
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Diagnostic Pearls
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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls
- Raynaud phenomenon with or without associated connective disease
- Emboli from cardiac sources
- Atherosclerotic disease
- Vasculitis
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Last Reviewed:10/12/2022
Last Updated:10/20/2022
Last Updated:10/20/2022