An ovarian cyst is a collection of fluid on the ovarian surface or within the ovarian stroma. The term "ovarian cysts" encompasses a broad collection of diagnoses, ranging from benign physiologic processes to ovarian malignancy. Ovarian cysts can occur in females of any age (fetus to postmenopausal), although they are more likely in women of childbearing age.

Ovarian cysts are most commonly asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on physical exam or imaging. Sometimes the patient with an ovarian cyst may present with acute or chronic abdominal pain.

Depending on the underlying etiology, an ovarian cyst might develop slowly or rapidly. Rapidly forming cysts may be more likely to cause pain. Ovarian cysts, especially functional or physiologic cysts, often resolve spontaneously.

Contraceptive agents that inhibit ovulation decrease the risk of formation of physiologic cysts.

Related topic: Teratoma of ovary