An uncommon condition due to abrupt-onset infarction or hemorrhage into the pituitary gland, typically associated with a pituitary adenoma, and characterized by severe headache and visual disturbance. Endocrine abnormalities of hypopituitarism can contribute to life-threatening hypotension. Other common signs and symptoms include vomiting, ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, visual field defect, vision loss, and altered mental state.

Management includes surgical resection and hormone replacement therapy. Best outcomes are when diagnosis and treatment occurs within a few days to a week. Delayed treatment decreases chances to improve visual deficit.