Radiculomyelitis is inflammation that can affect the spinal cord and nerve roots, causing symptoms of pain, sensory disturbances, weakness, and dysfunction of bowel and bladder. Radiculomyelitis may occur due to infection, malignancy (leptomeningeal spread), inflammatory disorders, and toxic exposures. Among the more common infectious associations are HIV, herpes simplex virus, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis, cytomegalovirus infection, and Lyme disease.

Common signs and symptoms may include areflexia, extremity weakness, numbness, radicular pain (pain in the distribution of a nerve root), hyporeflexia, urinary retention, and sphincter dysfunction.