The combination of facial pain in the ophthalmic distribution of the trigeminal nerve, ipsilateral oculosympathetic abnormalities, and variable cranial nerve palsies is known as Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome. Most cases occur in middle-aged patients, and it is more common in male patients than female patients.

This syndrome is sometimes associated with a lesion in the medial cranial fossa, and workup is recommended to evaluate for space-occupying lesions. This syndrome can also be idiopathic, and patients without a structural cause on imaging typically follow a benign course with self-limited symptoms.