Rectal mucosa protruding through the anus, which may occur to varying degrees. It is uncommon in children, but may occur under certain predisposing conditions, particularly in 1-5 year olds. These conditions may include anatomical variations, organ displacement, intraabdominal pressure, weakness of pelvic floor, chronic constipation, ulcerative colitis, diarrheal disease, malnutrition, cystic fibrosis, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Other contributing factors may include persistent coughing, straining, forceful vomiting, and passing of intestinal parasites.

Characterized by dark or bright red mucosal mass protruding from the rectum, with or without bleeding, discomfort, or mild pain. Typically occurs during defecation. Mild prolapse may be self-limited, resolving spontaneously. In chronic prolapse, patients may experience fecal incontinence, and bowel movements may be obstructed. Rectal ulceration can occur.

Management includes reduction of the prolapse, preventive measures, and surgical procedures.