Granular parakeratosis in Child
Alerts and Notices
Synopsis
GP can occur in individuals of all ages and sexes. However, it is more common in women aged between 40 and 60 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 25:1. Reports of cases in children have been associated with diaper use, excessive washing, and use of topical zinc oxide. It occurs in all races and ethnicities.
The condition was originally thought to occur solely in the axillae (previously known as axillary granular parakeratosis), but it is now recognized that GP can involve other intertriginous areas as well, such as the inframammary folds, abdominal folds, groin, and neck. In infants, 2 presentations have been observed: bilateral linear plaques in the inguinal fold and geometric plaques in areas of increased pressure from a diaper.
GP typically presents as reddish-brown, violaceous, or hyperpigmented scaly papules and plaques in intertriginous regions. Lesions can be asymptomatic or pruritic and friable.
GP is most commonly caused by heat, moisture, and friction.
GP has a relatively chronic course and can persist for several months or can resolve spontaneously, but recurrence is common.
Codes
ICD10CM:L85.8 – Other specified epidermal thickening
SNOMEDCT:
56585003 – Parakeratosis of skin
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Diagnostic Pearls
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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls
- Irritant dermatitis (see also diaper irritant dermatitis)
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Candidiasis
- Pigmented and hyperkeratotic napkin dermatitis – A type of chronic diaper dermatitis.
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica (see acquired, hereditary)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Child abuse
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Management Pearls
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Therapy
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References
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Last Reviewed:03/01/2022
Last Updated:03/03/2022
Last Updated:03/03/2022
Granular parakeratosis in Child