Insomnia is a sleep disturbance consisting of the inability to fall asleep and/or maintain sleep. Insomnia is a common medical issue and may be acute (days to weeks) or chronic (longer than 3 months). It can be associated with behavioral or psychosocial issues, associated with other sleep disorders (eg, circadian rhythm disorder), or of another intrinsic nature (eg, due to hypersensitivity, hyperarousal, or autism spectrum disorder).

Comorbid conditions associated with insomnia include medical conditions (such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, and pain-related conditions) or psychiatric conditions (eg, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder). Insomnia may be associated with food consumption, medication use, or substance abuse.

Management includes discontinuance of causative or exacerbating agents, treatment for comorbid conditions, counseling, behavioral therapy, and medications.