Protein S deficiency
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Synopsis
Protein S deficiency has autosomal dominant inheritance and results from mutations in the PROS1 gene on chromosome 3. Most patients are heterozygous for the PROS1 mutation; however, homozygous or compound heterozygous patients have been described. Protein S deficiency is further categorized on how the mutation affects total protein S levels, free protein S levels, or protein S function. Type 1 refers to decreased total protein S, free protein S, and reduced function. Type 2 is when total and free protein S levels are normal but function is reduced. Type 3 is isolated free protein S deficiency with normal total protein S and normal function.
The primary presentation of protein S deficiency is the development of VTE, with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism being the most common presentations.
Codes
ICD10CM:D68.59 – Other primary thrombophilia
SNOMEDCT:
1563006 – Protein S deficiency disease
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Diagnostic Pearls
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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Other inherited thrombophilias (factor V Leiden mutation, protein G20210A mutation, protein C deficiency, antithrombin deficiency)
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm
- Warfarin use
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Liver disease
- L-asparaginase chemotherapy
- Pregnancy
- Oral hormonal contraceptive use
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
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Therapy
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Drug Reaction Data
Below is a list of drugs with literature evidence indicating an adverse association with this diagnosis. The list is continually updated through ongoing research and new medication approvals. Click on Citations to sort by number of citations or click on Medication to sort the medications alphabetically.Subscription Required
References
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Last Reviewed:09/10/2019
Last Updated:01/23/2022
Last Updated:01/23/2022