Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a type of allergic conjunctivitis that occurs in hot, dry climates. Vernal means appropriate for spring, and this disease occurs most commonly in the spring and summer months. The pathophysiology is due to an abundance of activated eosinophils causing an inflammatory reaction in the conjunctiva.

It has a strong correlation with family history of atopy and tends to occur mostly in children, with male patients affected more than female patients. VKC mostly occurs between the ages of 5 and 25 years, with a peak incidence in children aged 10-12 years and usually resolving in puberty.

Symptoms include itching, irritation, photophobia, tearing, and blurry vision. Signs include conjunctival injection, upper lid cobblestone-like bumps called papillae, and ropy mucous discharge. The disease is mostly bilateral in presentation.

Overall prognosis is good with VKC as it can resolve completely with age. Complications may occur with corneal scarring or symblepharon formation, but usually the disease is benign and self-limiting.