Vulvar edema is swelling of the vulvar tissue due to accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. It can be a unique entity unto itself but usually is a symptom of another condition.

The edema may be related to retention of fluid or lymphatic material. It may be associated with a wide range of physiologic and pathologic conditions, including pregnancy, infections (recurrent streptococcal infection, lymphogranuloma venereum, and vulvar filariasis), inflammatory disorders (urticaria, contact dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and Crohn disease), underlying systemic disease (nephrotic syndrome, advanced liver disease, congestive heart failure, and malignant occlusion of the local lymphatics), medications (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), or trauma, including in the postsurgical period. Additionally, some congenital conditions, such as Milroy disease, may manifest vulvar edema.

Patients may complain of the sudden onset of unilateral or bilateral labial swelling. Others may note the swelling has been persistent for months, has been gradually getting worse, or waxes and wanes. If infection is present, patients may complain of warmth / tenderness. If swelling is severe, patients may have difficulty with urination due to obstruction or difficulty with ambulation.