Somatostatinoma
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Synopsis
Somatostatinomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1); up to 45% of somatostatinomas occur in association with MEN1, and up to 10% of patients with NF1 develop duodenal somatostatinomas.
The majority of somatostatinomas are identified incidentally. When symptomatic, the most common symptoms are abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice due to local mass effect. Patients with functional pancreatic somatostatinomas may present with diabetes, cholelithiasis, diarrhea, steatorrhea, and anemia, although this "somatostatinoma syndrome" is present in less than 10% of these tumors. The diagnosis of somatostatinoma is supported by an elevated serum somatostatin level. Histologically, a somatostatinoma will demonstrate a neuroendocrine tumor, often with immunoreactivity for somatostatin.
The majority (40%-92%) of patients with somatostatinomas present with metastatic disease. Relative 10-year survival for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is 8.9%.
Codes
ICD10CM:E16.8 – Other specified disorders of pancreatic internal secretion
SNOMEDCT:
253006001 – Somatostatinoma
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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls
Other conditions associated with elevated plasma somatostatin like immunoreactivity:- Medullary thyroid cancer
- Lung cancer
- Pheochromocytomas
- Paragangliomas
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (see pancreatic carcinoma)
- Other pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
- Lymphoma
- Metastatic cancer
- Autoimmune pancreatitis
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Last Reviewed:05/17/2018
Last Updated:05/17/2018
Last Updated:05/17/2018