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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Infant/Neonate
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Infant/Neonate

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Contributors: Andrina Mamo BS, Eric Ingerowski MD, FAAP, Susan Burgin MD
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Synopsis

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome : Bloody diarrhea, Fine scaly plaque, Flexural distribution, Ecchymosis, PLT decreased
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive disease affecting males almost exclusively. WAS consists of 3 main features: thrombocytopenia with resultant bleeding / bruising, immunodeficiencies including both B-cell and T-cell abnormalities with resultant fungal, viral, and bacterial infections, and severe atopic dermatitis (usually begins in the first few months of life). The most common presenting symptoms of easy bruising, petechiae, and purpura are often noted at birth and are the manifestations of platelet abnormalities which include thrombocytopenia and abnormally small and dysfunctional platelets. These platelet abnormalities can lead to bloody diarrhea.

Viral (warts, herpes, and molluscum) and bacterial infections occur frequently in infancy and early childhood, most commonly bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonias, impetigo, cellulitis, and abscesses. Furthermore, WAS patients have a high prevalence of food allergies, asthma, and urticaria. Up to 70% of patients are also found to have autoimmune disorders, including cytopenias, arthritis, and vasculitis. Milder forms of WAS have been described that do not involve the typical immunodeficiencies.

WAS may be further complicated by the development of lymphoreticular malignancies (especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphomas) and leukemia in childhood.

Females may have the syndrome due to nonrandom X-chromosome inactivation.

Codes

ICD10CM:
D82.0 – Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

SNOMEDCT:
36070007 – Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls

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Therapy

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References

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Last Reviewed:06/02/2021
Last Updated:01/25/2022
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in Infant/Neonate
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A medical illustration showing key findings of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome : Bloody diarrhea, Fine scaly plaque, Flexural distribution, Ecchymosis, PLT decreased
Clinical image of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - imageId=64668. Click to open in gallery. caption: 'Scaly erythematous, eczematous papules and plaques on the lower abdomen.'
Scaly erythematous, eczematous papules and plaques on the lower abdomen.

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